What mineral deficiency is most commonly associated with hypothyroidism?

Iodine is the mineral most commonly associated with hypothyroidism because it is a crucial component in the synthesis of thyroid hormones, particularly thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The thyroid gland requires iodine to produce these hormones, and a deficiency can lead to decreased hormone production, ultimately resulting in hypothyroidism.

In many regions, iodine deficiency is a major public health issue, and it can lead to goiter (enlargement of the thyroid gland) as the body attempts to compensate for low hormone levels. Iodine supplementation and the use of iodized salt have significantly reduced the incidence of iodine deficiency in many parts of the world, but it remains a concern in areas where dietary iodine is insufficient.

While other minerals like iron, zinc, and calcium play important roles in overall health and can affect various bodily functions, they do not have the same direct impact on thyroid hormone production as iodine does. Thus, iodine deficiency is uniquely linked to the development of hypothyroidism.